555 Timer Astable mode, Lt spice simulation, and real-time testing We know 555 timer has three operating modes called Astable mode, Monostable mode, and Bistable mode. Astable Mode : In Astable mode, 555 IC will act as an oscillator that generates a square wave continuously . The frequency of the wave can be adjusted by changing the values of two resistors and a capacitor connected to the chip. LTspice circuit: Formulas: Calculations: Ton = 0.693(1k+100k)22uF =1.539ms Toff =0.693*100k*22uF =1.524ms T = Ton + Toff = 0.693(1K+2*100k)22ufF=3.064ms Frequency = 1/T = 1.44/(1k+2*100k)22uF = 1/3.06ms =0.3263Hz Duty = 50.2% Simulation Results: Click here to download the Astable mode LTspice circuit Testing:
Exploring USB Device Detection with Arduino and USB Host Shield USB (Universal Serial Bus) is a ubiquitous interface for connecting peripherals to computers and other devices. Arduino, with its versatility and expandability, can be used to interface with USB devices using a USB Host Shield. In this article, we'll explore how to detect and identify USB devices connected to an Arduino using a USB Host Shield. Hardware Used: Hardware Description Arduino Board Any compatible Arduino board with sufficient GPIO pins and USB Host Shield library support. USB Host Shield A shield specifically designed for USB host functionality, compatible with the selected Arduino board. USB Devices Various USB peripherals like mass storage devices, input devices (keyboard, mouse), communication devices, etc. Serial Monitor A computer running Arduino IDE or any other serial terminal software for monitoring the Arduino's serial output. Power Supply Depending on the connected USB devices and Arduino bo...
PIC12F675 LED Blinking Code This post provides the code to make an LED blink using PIC12F675 microcontroller. This code is written in C language using MPLAB X IDE with XC8 compiler. This code is intended to be the first step in learning how to use PIC12F675 microcontroller in your projects. Code: // PIC12F675 Configuration Bit Settings // 'C' source line config statements #include <xc.h> /*define clock freq*/ #ifndef _XTAL_FREQ #define _XTAL_FREQ 4000000 // 4MHZ crystal #endif // #pragma config statements should precede project file includes. // Use project enums instead of #define for ON and OFF. // CONFIG #pragma config FOSC = INTRCIO // Oscillator Selection bits (INTOSC oscillator: I/O function on GP4/OSC2/CLKOUT pin, I/O function on GP5/OSC1/CLKIN) #pragma config WDTE = OFF // Watchdog Timer Enable bit (WDT disabled) #pragma config PWRTE = OFF // Power-Up Timer Enable bit (PWRT disabl...
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